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This study conducts a novel approach to redesign EarSketch, an expressive computer science (CS) learning environment that inte- grates music composition into computing education, with a specific focus on inclusivity for blind and visually impaired (BVI) learners. This approach centers on the participation of teachers, students, and the community as co-designers, leveraging their insights and ex- periences to enhance the program’s accessibility and effectiveness. By actively involving the stakeholders in the development process, the study aims to address the unique educational challenges and needs of learners who are visually impaired more effectively. The participatory design approach is expected to not only maintain the intrinsic appeal of EarSketch but also to expand its accessibility, ensuring that it becomes a more inclusive tool in computer sci- ence education. The ultimate goal is to establish a more adaptable and inclusive educational paradigm within STEAM, particularly in computing education and music, that is responsive to the diverse needs of all students, including those with visual impairments. The contributions of this paper are design recommendations based on our data that can be applied to the design of EarSketch and other expressive CS environments for BVI learners. 

Abstract Antifungal echinocandins inhibit the biosynthesis of β−1,3-glucan, a major and essential polysaccharide component of the fungal cell wall. However, the efficacy of echinocandins against the pathogenAspergillus fumigatusis limited. Here, we use solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and other techniques to show that echinocandins induce dynamic changes in the assembly of mobile and rigid polymers within theA. fumigatuscell wall. The reduction of β−1,3-glucan induced by echinocandins is accompanied by a concurrent increase in levels of chitin, chitosan, and highly polymorphic α−1,3-glucans, whose physical association with chitin maintains cell wall integrity and modulates water permeability. The rearrangement of the macromolecular network is dynamic and controls the permeability and circulation of the drug throughout the cell wall. Thus, our results indicate that echinocandin treatment triggers compensatory rearrangements in the cell wall that may helpA. fumigatusto tolerate the drugs’ antifungal effects.